The Prevalence of Mental Health Issues in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan: Breaking the Stigma and Promoting Wellness

Mental health is a vital component of our overall well-being, enabling us to cope with life's stresses, realize our potential, and contribute to our communities. However, mental health issues have become a pressing concern in the digital age, affecting millions of people worldwide, including those in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1 in 4 people will experience a mental health disorder each year (WHO, 2020). The most common mental health disorders include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, dementia, and eating disorders. These conditions can have a debilitating impact on an individual's quality of life, relationships, and productivity.

The WHO reports that 792 million people live with mental health issues, accounting for 10.7% of the global population (WHO, 2020). Anxiety disorders affect 284 million people, comprising 3.35% of the population (WHO, 2020). Recent studies have highlighted the alarming prevalence of depression and anxiety in Pakistan, emphasizing the urgency to address the country's mental health crisis.

According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), a significant proportion of the American population experiences mental illness. Studies suggest that approximately 50-60% of the overall population suffers from mental health issues, ranging from mild to severe, across four distinct stages (Kessler et al., 2005).

According to the WHO, mental disorders account for more than 4% of Pakistan's total disease burden, disproportionately affecting women (WHO, 2020). Vulnerable groups include women in the perinatal period and young individuals. Approximately 40% of perinatal women in Pakistan suffer from depressive disorder or anxiety (Rahman et al., 2013).

Studies in the region have shown that nearly 40% of individuals who have attempted or died by suicide experienced depression (Khan et al., 2019). Gilgit-Baltistan and Chitral, in particular, have reported high suicide rates in recent years. It is estimated that around 24 million people in Pakistan require psychiatric assistance (Mirza & Jenkins, 2004).

In South Asian countries, including Pakistan, there is a high burden of psychiatric disorders, with a prevalence rate of 14.2% compared to the global rate of 13.4% (Saxena et al., 2017). In Gilgit-Baltistan, female participants reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and emotional distress compared to males (Ali et al., 2019).

However, only 10% of individuals with mental health issues in the region seek professional help (Khan et al., 2019). Several factors contribute to mental health issues in Gilgit-Baltistan, including isolation, anxiety, phobias, panic disorders, sleeping disorders, substance abuse, academic pressure, unemployment and psychosexual disorders.

Social, biological, and environmental factors also play a significant role in the development of mental health disorders. The region's difficult terrain, harsh weather conditions, and poverty exacerbate the situation. The prevalence of mental health disorders varies by gender and socioeconomic level, with individuals between 20 and 30 years old being particularly vulnerable (Ali et al., 2019).

The excessive use of the internet and social media among youth aged 14-24 in Gilgit-Baltistan has further exacerbated the situation (Khan et al., 2019). Unemployment, overthinking, high expectations, lack of health orientation, cultural taboos and drug abuse are significant contributing factors to mental health issues among youth in the region.

Individuals with mental health issues in Gilgit-Baltistan often experience stigma, discrimination, and human rights violations. This can lead to social isolation, decreased self-esteem, and limited access to mental health services.

Therefore, it is crucial to break the stigma surrounding mental health issues and promote a culture of understanding, acceptance, and support. To promote mental wellness in Gilgit-Baltistan, it is essential to practice self-care.

This includes engaging in regular exercise, eating a healthy and balanced diet, getting sufficient sleep, and avoiding drug abuse. The formation of rehabilitation centers and participation in relaxing activities such as meditation, exercises, sports, and games can also help.

Additionally, setting goals and priorities, practicing gratitude, and focusing on positivity can help manage stress and promote mental well-being. Seeking help from mental health professionals is also essential for individuals struggling with mental health issues in Gilgit-Baltistan.

This can include therapy, counseling, or medication. Friends and family can play a vital role in supporting loved ones with mental health issues by listening without judgment, offering emotional support, and encouraging professional help.

Furthermore, tackling the mental health crisis necessitates a multi-pronged approach. To effectively address this issue, targeted awareness campaigns are essential to educate the public, reduce stigma, and promote mental health literacy. Additionally, enhancing mental health infrastructure is crucial, ensuring accessible, affordable, and quality mental health services. Moreover, integrating mental health education into schools and communities is vital, fostering a culture of mental wellness and promoting early intervention.

Initiatives such as the Taskeen online mobile program launched by Aga Khan Health Services are a step in the right direction. This program provides awareness on mental health issues and offers a platform for individuals to share their concerns and receive timely support.

Such initiatives need to be extended and replicated by the public health department of Gilgit-Baltistan and other local and international non-governmental organizations (I/NGOs) working in the region.

In conclusion, mental health issues are a pervasive concern that affects individuals, communities, and society as a whole in Gilgit-Baltistan.